Food allergies – unusual reactions or increased sensitivities to food or drink – are more likely to occur in infants than in older children. The condition involves vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps and occurs from minutes to hours after the child has had certain foods, beverages, or medications. Non-pasteurized cow’s milk is the most common cause of food allergy, but eggs, wheat, soybean formulas, orange juice, tomatoes, chocolate, fish, berries, and melons may also be responsible.
A malabsorption syndrome, which occurs when the digestive system lacks certain natural chemicals to digest food, may produce symptoms similar to those of a food allergy. Normally, the body produces natural chemicals called enzymes that break down starches, fats, proteins, and sugars into forms that the body can use. In a malabsorption syndrome an enzyme is missing, which means that the child cannot digest certain foods. For example, a condition called celiac disease may interfere with the digestion of gluten (starch found in wheat and rye), and the disease cystic fibrosis may hamper the digestion of fats and proteins.
Hives, eczema, runny nose, and asthma can all be signs of food allergy. Sometimes blood appears in the baby’s stool. If a particular food brings on abdominal cramps and diarrhea (with or without vomiting), a food allergy can be suspected. By changing the diet and observing your child’s reactions, you may be able to identify the problem. Often, however, specific and complex tests are required to diagnose a food allergy. If the child does not seem to tolerate several kinds of foods and is not doing well generally, the cause may be a malabsorption syndrome.
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